France — full brief

Reported limits: 25 km/h max speed

• Code de la route art. R311-1, 6.15 — definition of "engin de déplacement personnel motorisé" (EDPM)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Décret n° 2019-1082 — creates the EDPM category and inserts arts. R412-43-1 to R412-43-3Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

• Carrying a passenger is prohibited.
• Wearing headphones while riding is prohibited.

• Décret n° 2019-1082 — creates the EDPM category and inserts arts. R412-43-1 to R412-43-3Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

• Prohibited on motorways and limited-access highways.

• Décret n° 2019-1082 — creates the EDPM category and inserts arts. R412-43-1 to R412-43-3Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

• Décret n° 2019-1082 — creates the EDPM category and inserts arts. R412-43-1 to R412-43-3Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

• Prohibited on sidewalks and footpaths. Forbidden unless the commune expressly authorises it, and then only at walking pace with the motor switched off.

• Décret n° 2019-1082 — creates the EDPM category and inserts arts. R412-43-1 to R412-43-3Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

• A helmet is required. Compulsory outside built-up areas; recommended inside.

• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Décret n° 2019-1082 — creates the EDPM category and inserts arts. R412-43-1 to R412-43-3Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

Reported limits: minimum age 14

• Rider must be 14 or older.

• Décret n° 2023-848 — raises the minimum age from 12 to 14 and upgrades the penalty from 2nd to 4th classTier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Décret n° 2019-1082 — creates the EDPM category and inserts arts. R412-43-1 to R412-43-3Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

• Third-party liability insurance is required.

• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

Reported limits: 25 km/h max speed

• Modifying the device’s speed limiter is prohibited. Modifying or using a device above the 25 km/h construction limit is a serious offence; a fine of up to €1,500 is reported but was not read from an instrument.

• Code de la route art. R311-1, 6.15 — definition of "engin de déplacement personnel motorisé" (EDPM)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

• Front white light, rear red light and retro-reflective devices; a horn or bell is also required.
• A working brake is required. Two independent braking systems.

• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict
• Décret n° 2019-1082 — creates the EDPM category and inserts arts. R412-43-1 to R412-43-3Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict

• Riding while impaired by alcohol or drugs is an offence. Code de la route drink- and drug-driving provisions apply; no EDPM-specific BAC figure was recorded in either journal.

• Sécurité routière — official EDPM rules page (age, helmet, insurance, lighting)Tier C — secondary source; context only, never supports a verdict